6 Spec eukaryotic cells

6.A Nerve Cell/Neural

The nervous system allows for rapid and direct communication between specific parts of the body, for example, muscular contraction and glandular secretion. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, neural support cells, and sense organs such as the eye and ear.

6.A.1 Cell body (site of nucleus and organelles)

The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, i.e.:

A neuron is a highly specialized cell which transmits an electrical signal from 1 cell to another via electrical or chemical means.

6.A.2 Axon (structure, function)

6.A.3 Dendrites (structure, function)

6.A.4 Myelin sheath, Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, insulation of axon

6.A.5 Nodes of Ranvier (role in propagation of nerve impulse along axon)

6.A.6 Synapse (site of impulse propagation between cells)

More info: http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/synaptictransmission.html

6.A.7 Synaptic activity

6.A.7.a transmitter molecules

6.A.7.b synaptic knobs

6.A.7.c fatigue

6.A.7.d propagation between cells without resistance loss

6.A.8 Resting potential (electrochemical gradient)

6.A.9 Action potential

More info: http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/action_potential.html

6.A.9.a threshold, all-or-none

6.A.9.b sodium–potassium pump

6.A.10 Excitatory and inhibitory nerve fibers (summation, frequency of firing)

6.A.10.B Muscle Cell/Contractile

6.A.10.B.1 Abundant mitochondria in red muscle cells (ATP source)

6.A.10.B.2 Organization of contractile elements (actin and myosin filaments, cross bridges, sliding filament model)

6.A.10.B.3 Calcium regulation of contraction, sarcoplasmic reticulum

6.A.10.B.4 Sarcomeres (―I‖ and ―A‖ bands, ―M‖ and ―Z‖ lines, ―H‖ zone—general structure only)

6.A.10.B.5 Presence of troponin and tropomyosin

6.A.10.C Other Specialized Cell Types

6.A.10.C.1 Epithelial cells (cell types, simple epithelium, stratified epithelium)

6.A.10.C.2 Endothelial cells

6.A.10.C.3 Connective tissue cells (major tissues and cell types, fiber types, loose versus dense, extracellular matrix)